Faculty & Leadership Blog/创新课程

区块链不是魔法

beplay官网体育Douglas Antin发帖

等等…区块链又是什么?

好啊,so maybe you or someone you know could use a brief explanation on what blockchain is again.区块链使对等(P2P)交易能够使用具有大量计算能力(加密功能)的复杂数学来消除中间人执行交易的需要。删除中间人可以解决与第三方中介相关的交易对手风险,这可能会降低交易成本。

区块链由一个使用计算能力的人组成的网络组成,以验证网络之间共享的信息“块”是真实的,即:验证数据是否一致且未被更改。这个过程创建了所谓的分散式分类账或区块链上发生的交易的公共账户。分类账是“分布式的”,因为没有一个人或机构可以控制验证添加到网络中的信息。Instead,verifying information on the blockchain can be considered somewhat of a democratic process because,在这种情况下,许多人把他们的计算能力集中起来认证事务。If a transaction is authenticated by a majority of the computing power on the network,这意味着多数规则是治理的形式。

Each block on the chain is a grouping of information based events chained to a set of past and verifiable events.整个区块链,therefore,包含在此公共分类帐上发生的所有交易。The chain of democratically reviewed and public history of transacted information is what makes the blockchain a "trustless" technology.In other words,您不需要信任单个中间人来处理或验证交易。You can think of blockchain like a very large and intricate game of telephone but in this version,all participants can look back and verify the messages that are sent are true.

So how is blockchain actually used?比特币,区块链的原始应用,比特币的主要用途是为那些不想依赖金融机构进行交易的个人而设计的。遵循原始比特币区块链,对公共和分散账本的其他实验也已经进行了。值得注意的一个区块链技术概念是智能合约的开发。

Smart Contracts

A smart contract is an event based agreement between two or more parties that stipulates如果certain conditions are met然后会产生特定的后果。智能合约是协议的软件编码版本,该代码提供自动和自动执行程序,例如,你同意这些条款,编写代码,然后要么满足条件,得到期望的结果,要么不满足条件,得到协议规定的内容。这些合同有可能降低与商业交易所中间商(第三方)相关的成本。取消中间商创造了消除银行费用的机会,escrow accounts (and their fees),检查处理过程以及复杂交易中涉及的所有通信和文书工作。最终,reducing the costs of business creates the possibility of a more inclusive environment for disenfranchised communities left on the sidelines due to the cost of business and lack of access to strong financial institutions.

现在怎么了?

以太坊网络

随着比特币的采用和随后的不断增长的使用,a new type of blockchain was created that could be used to facilitate more than peer to peer payments.使用智能合约,以太坊旨在成为一种新型的全球分散式计算机网络。这种开源区块链提供了网络计算能力,可以运行P2P支付以外的各种应用程序,powered by smart contracts.Areas of exploration include distributed file sharing,期货市场,资产交换,loans,以及众筹。

国际劳工组织的

许多开发人员开始在以太坊区块链上创建创新应用程序,但需要一种创新的方式来资助他们的开发工作。输入ICO或首次投币。就像IPO一样,以以太坊为基础的公司将进行代币或硬币的众筹销售,而不是股票筹集资金。公司将向支持者发行代币,以供捐款,并在活动结束时,智能合约有助于向投资者分配代币。这一切都是通过管理ICO流程的基础智能合约实现的。

There are many varieties of ICO's because the coin/token issued can have a multitude of purposes depending on the company issuing them.但是,这是一个陷阱,因为还不完全清楚这些代币是否被视为证券,是否受SEC监管。如果SEC和其他全球监管机构开始对ICO流程采取行动,这可能对短期采用智能合约产生重大影响。

Challenges with Blockchain

身份验证

我们如何信任数字交易的另一方?Is a person who they really say they are?我们现在正处在一个被隐瞒身份的人钓鱼和跟踪的时代。此外,there are still regulatory complexities such as Know Your Customer laws (KYC) and Anti Money Laundering laws (AML) that require identity verification to take place.没有合法的身份验证流程来超越监管障碍,促进对点对点交易的信心,很难建立一个强有力的基础,为未来的业务流程智能合同可以启用。

Ethics & Overcoming Breakdowns

虽然智能合约的概念自90年代初就已存在,这仍然是一个相对幼稚的话题。除了失败的ICO之外,目前还没有很多好的故障例子,但是如果有,会发生什么?作为一个例子,当契约以非预期的方式执行时,对等事务中会发生什么?How will arbitration take place?What will be the implications to the broader smart contract ecosystem?

Conclusion

So here is the bottom line: blockchain is a relatively new and potentially useful technology.It's not magic but it does use some very sophisticated concepts that many people don't yet understand.As more experimentation is conducted with blockchain,新的用例将创造独特的业务机会,这些机会有可能显著地扰乱许多行业。Experimentation and industry disruption will create yet to be conceptualized 2nd and 3rd order consequences.虽然区块链非常复杂,it's important not to ignore the development of this technology.

道格拉斯·安丁是F.W奥林商学院beplay官网地址和海德格尔安全系统公司联合创始人。他写这篇文章是作为研究生课程思想领导技术的一部分。beplay官网地址You can learn more about the course在这里.

工具书类

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马克斯米勒和马克·施蒂格勒,“数字路径”,http://www.erights.org/talks/pisa/paper/human-in市场,信息与通信:奥地利对互联网经济的看法,Jack Birner and Pierre Garrouste,Eds2003 Routledge https://books.google.com/books?id=x-FQrKrjgcYC&hl=en

GriggIan."Financial Cryptography."金融密码学:比特币是三重输入系统吗?,2015,financialcryptography.com/mt/archives/001556.html.

绍博Nick.反应时间的文献综述,1994,www.fon.hum.uva.nl/rob/courses/informationinspeech/cdrom/literature/lotwinterschool2006/szabo.best.vwh.net/smart.contracts.html。

NakamotoSatoshi。"Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System."Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System,2008,比特币.org/bitcoin.pdf。